Detroit officials Friday laid out a plan for exiting the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history that calls for slashing pensions for non-uniformed retirees by nearly one-third and repaying bondholders just $1 of every $5 owed to them by the city.
上周五底特律官員提出了一份讓美國歷史最大的城市破產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃，這一計(jì)劃將使未參加工會退休人員的退休金削減近1/3，而債券持有者只能收回五分之一的投資。(華盛頓郵報(bào))
底特律希望盡快從破產(chǎn)中走出，重新獲得新生。21日新提交的這份計(jì)劃長達(dá)120頁，對不同債權(quán)人的權(quán)益削減都做了描述。
The plan seeks to restructure an estimated $18 billion in long-term obligations by paying secured creditors in full，paying pension funds a reduced amount，and giving other unsecured creditors just a fraction—about 20 cents on the dollar—of the debt outstanding the city owes.
該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃打算重組約180億美元的長期債務(wù)。其中有擔(dān)保的投資者將全額收回其投資，養(yǎng)老基金的收回將打折，其他沒有擔(dān)保的借款者只能收回該城市欠他們債務(wù)的20%。(華爾街日報(bào))
財(cái)政極度困難的底特律在重組中目標(biāo)之一就是盡量減少賠付給利益相關(guān)各方的資金。
The plan would also cut pensions for police and firefighters，many of whom do not receive Social Security benefits，by 10 percent. City union leaders and retirees reacted to the plan with alarm，saying it would inflict undue pain on current and former city workers who are not responsible for the city’s dire fiscal problems.
該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃還打算削減警察、消防隊(duì)員的養(yǎng)老金。這些人中不少人，大約有10%，并沒有社會保障福利。城市工會的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和退休人員對此計(jì)劃表示驚訝，他們警告說這將給不應(yīng)為底特律可怕的財(cái)政問題負(fù)責(zé)的城市工人帶來過度的痛苦。(華盛頓郵報(bào))
Specifics of the debt relief plan include：Creditors，including bond insurers，will receive an estimated 20% of their claims；Police and firefighter retirees will receive at least 90% of their pensions，and cost of living allowances will be eliminated；The Detroit Institute of Arts will keep its city-owned art collection，with assistance from foundations and private donors；$1.5bn will be allocated over 10 years to city infrastructure and technology upgrades。
債務(wù)免除計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)如下：債權(quán)人，包括債券擔(dān)保人將收回約20%的賠償，警察和消防隊(duì)員退休人員將獲得至少90%的養(yǎng)老金，生活成本補(bǔ)貼將被取消，底特律藝術(shù)學(xué)院將保留城市所有的藝術(shù)收藏，并將獲得基金會和私人捐贈者的支持，15億美元將在10年內(nèi)分配用于城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和技術(shù)更新。(英國廣播公司)
依據(jù)這一計(jì)劃，一般退休人員每月養(yǎng)老金將被削減34%，退休警察和消防員的養(yǎng)老金將被削減10%。這是底特律自去年7月向聯(lián)邦法院申請破產(chǎn)之后，第一次將退休人員養(yǎng)老金削減數(shù)額量化。這也意味著，領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金者的待遇好于債權(quán)持有人。
An estimated $12bn of the city’s $18bn debt is said to be unsecured，with no taxes or other revenue streams to pay it down.
有人估測，底特律180億美元的債務(wù)中有120億美元沒有擔(dān)保，沒有稅收或其他收入源來對其進(jìn)行支付。(英國廣播公司)
“The proposed plan of adjustment is a gut punch to Detroit city workers and retirees，”AFSCME Council 25 President Al Garrett，who represents Detroit municipal workers，said in a statement.“The plan essentially eliminates health care benefits for retirees and drastically cuts earned pension benefits. Retirees cannot survive these huge cuts to the pensions they earned. The plan is unfair and unacceptable.”
代表底特律城市工人的美國州、縣和市職員聯(lián)盟第25市政議會的主席蓋瑞特，在一份聲明中表示，所提交的調(diào)整計(jì)劃對于底特律工人和退休者來說是沉重的一擊。這一計(jì)劃基本上取消了退休人員的健康醫(yī)療福利，并且削減了他們的養(yǎng)老金福利。退休人員無法靠這些大幅削減的養(yǎng)老金來生活。計(jì)劃不公平，不能被接受。(華盛頓郵報(bào))
底特律公共部門員工和退休人員早已在法庭上開始戰(zhàn)斗。底特律公共部門工會代表表示，這個計(jì)劃對退休人員過分苛刻，他們可能會繼續(xù)爭取更有利的條件。但是，如果不是一次不尋常的“大談判”和幾次慈善基金會、密歇根州的罷工行動之后，政府同意往退休金中投入數(shù)億美元，那么底特律緊急狀態(tài)管理人奧爾提議中的福利削減程度將會更大。
“There is still much work in front of all of us to continue the recovery from a decades-long downward spiral，”Kevyn Orr，the city’s state-appointed emergency manager，said in a statement.
底特律緊急狀態(tài)管理人奧爾在一份聲明中表示，要繼續(xù)讓底特律從長達(dá)十年的衰落中復(fù)蘇，在我們所有人面前都有許多事情要做。(法新社)
確實(shí)，接下來，利益相關(guān)各方的新一輪博弈又將拉開，如何瓜分早已陷入困境的財(cái)政資金蛋糕并非易事。而要使底特律重獲生機(jī)，則又是另一場戰(zhàn)斗。
“We maintain that the plan provides the best path forward for all parties to resolve their respective issues and for Detroit to become once again a city in which people want to invest，live and work，“he added.
他補(bǔ)充說，我們認(rèn)為計(jì)劃為所有各方解決各自的關(guān)切，為底特律重新成為一個人們想要來投資、生活和工作的城市提供了最好的路徑。(英國廣播公司)
The proposal still faces numerous obstacles，and most aspects are still being negotiated in mediation sessions with stakeholders.
這一計(jì)劃仍然面對巨大的障礙，許多方面仍在和相關(guān)利益者進(jìn)行協(xié)商。(法新社)
該計(jì)劃是否能實(shí)施，還需首先得到聯(lián)邦破產(chǎn)法官的批準(zhǔn)，而且預(yù)計(jì)未來幾個月時(shí)間里可能會被頻繁起訴。